Saturday, July 16, 2011
Hyperemesis Gravidarum
7:35 AM | 
Posted by
Arif Siregar
Definition
Nausea and vomiting (emesis gravidarum) is a natural phenomenon and is often caught in the first trimester of pregnancy. Nausea usually occurs in the morning, but can also arise at any time. These symptoms occur approximately 6 weeks after the first day of last period and lasts for approximately 10 weeks.
The feeling of nausea is caused by the increased levels of estrogen and HCG in serum. Effect of physiologic increase in hormones is not clear, perhaps because of the central nervous system or reduced gastric emptying. In general, women can adapt to these circumstances, although such symptoms of severe nausea and vomiting that can last up to four months. Daily work to be disturbed and the general condition became worse. This condition is called hyperemesis gravidarum.
The cause of hyperemesis gravidarum is not known with certainty. There is no evidence that the disease was caused by a toxic factor, there are no biochemical abnormalities. Anatomic changes in the brain, heart, liver, and nervous system caused by a deficiency of vitamins and other substances. Several predisposing factors and other factors that have been found as follows.
1) Predisposing factors that are often raised was primigravida, hydatidiform mole, and multiple pregnancy. High frequency of hydatidiform mole and multiple pregnancy suggests that hormonal factors play a role, because in these two states formed chorionic gonadotropin hormone excessive.
2) The entry of chorialis villi in the maternal circulation and metabolic changes due to pregnancy and a decreased resistance of the mother of this change is an organic factor.
3) Allergy. As one response from the network of mother to child, also named as one of the organic factor.
4) Psychological factors play an important role in this disease, households who crack, losing jobs, fear of pregnancy and childbirth, and fear of responsibility as a mother can cause mental conflict which may aggravate nausea and vomiting as an unconscious expression of reluctance to pregnant or as an escape hardships of life.
Diagnosis
The diagnosis of hyperemesis gravidarum is usually not difficult. Must be young and determined the existence of pregnancy vomiting continuously, thus affecting the general situation. However, pregnancy should be considered young by disease pyelonephritis, hepatitis, ulcer ventrikuli, and cerebral tumors that can also give symptoms of vomiting.
Hyperemesis gravidarum can lead to ongoing food shortages that could affect fetal development, so that treatment needs to be given.
Treatment
Treatment of hyperemesis gravidarum should be carried out by delivering the implementation of pregnancy and childbirth as a physiological process, giving confidence that the nausea and sometimes vomiting are symptoms that are physiologic in pregnancy young and will disappear after 4 months of pregnancy, advocated changing daily with meals foods in small amounts, but more often. Wake up do not immediately get out of bed, but are encouraged to eat dry bread or biscuits with tea warm. Food is greasy and smelling of fat should be avoided. Food and drinks should be served in a state of hot or very cold. Regular defecation should be guaranteed, and avoid the shortage of carbohydrates is an important factor, therefore, recommended foods that contain lots of sugar.
Prognosis
With good handling very satisfactory prognosis of hyperemesis gravidarum. The disease is usually self-limiting, however, at levels that severe, the disease can be life-threatening maternal and fetal.
The feeling of nausea is caused by the increased levels of estrogen and HCG in serum. Effect of physiologic increase in hormones is not clear, perhaps because of the central nervous system or reduced gastric emptying. In general, women can adapt to these circumstances, although such symptoms of severe nausea and vomiting that can last up to four months. Daily work to be disturbed and the general condition became worse. This condition is called hyperemesis gravidarum.
The cause of hyperemesis gravidarum is not known with certainty. There is no evidence that the disease was caused by a toxic factor, there are no biochemical abnormalities. Anatomic changes in the brain, heart, liver, and nervous system caused by a deficiency of vitamins and other substances. Several predisposing factors and other factors that have been found as follows.
1) Predisposing factors that are often raised was primigravida, hydatidiform mole, and multiple pregnancy. High frequency of hydatidiform mole and multiple pregnancy suggests that hormonal factors play a role, because in these two states formed chorionic gonadotropin hormone excessive.
2) The entry of chorialis villi in the maternal circulation and metabolic changes due to pregnancy and a decreased resistance of the mother of this change is an organic factor.
3) Allergy. As one response from the network of mother to child, also named as one of the organic factor.
4) Psychological factors play an important role in this disease, households who crack, losing jobs, fear of pregnancy and childbirth, and fear of responsibility as a mother can cause mental conflict which may aggravate nausea and vomiting as an unconscious expression of reluctance to pregnant or as an escape hardships of life.
Diagnosis
The diagnosis of hyperemesis gravidarum is usually not difficult. Must be young and determined the existence of pregnancy vomiting continuously, thus affecting the general situation. However, pregnancy should be considered young by disease pyelonephritis, hepatitis, ulcer ventrikuli, and cerebral tumors that can also give symptoms of vomiting.
Hyperemesis gravidarum can lead to ongoing food shortages that could affect fetal development, so that treatment needs to be given.
Treatment
Treatment of hyperemesis gravidarum should be carried out by delivering the implementation of pregnancy and childbirth as a physiological process, giving confidence that the nausea and sometimes vomiting are symptoms that are physiologic in pregnancy young and will disappear after 4 months of pregnancy, advocated changing daily with meals foods in small amounts, but more often. Wake up do not immediately get out of bed, but are encouraged to eat dry bread or biscuits with tea warm. Food is greasy and smelling of fat should be avoided. Food and drinks should be served in a state of hot or very cold. Regular defecation should be guaranteed, and avoid the shortage of carbohydrates is an important factor, therefore, recommended foods that contain lots of sugar.
Prognosis
With good handling very satisfactory prognosis of hyperemesis gravidarum. The disease is usually self-limiting, however, at levels that severe, the disease can be life-threatening maternal and fetal.
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